Kastowicz



(No Model.) I 2 SheetsSheet 1. BRUNO ABDANK-ABAKANOWIOZ.

APPARATUS FOR TRANSMITTING ELECTRIC SIGNALS.

No. 292,193. Patented Jan. 22, 1884.

I N V E N TO R 83 mm man-W30) By his Attorneys, /v fi 6mm: 4

(No Model.) 2 SheetsSheet 2. BRUNO ABDANK-ABAKANOWIGZ.

APPARATUS FOR TRANSMITTING ELECTRIC SIGNALS.

Patented Jan. 22, 1884.

,0 ead- I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I l I l I WITNESSES:

Lil

UNITED STATES Paren BRUNO ABDAXK-ABAKAXOXVICZ, OF PARIS, FR. SUE.

APPARATUS FOR TRANSMiTTING ELECTRlC SZGNALS.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No, 292,193, dated January S2, 1884,

Application filed May 26, 1553. (No model Patented in Frarcc March 9. 1353, Xo. HIFH).

To aZZ whom it may concern.-

Be it known that I, BRUNO Annaxxhnx- KANOWIOZ, a citizen of the Russian Empire, residing at Paris, France, have invented certain Improvements in MagnetoJfllectrie-Ourrent Transmitters, of which the following is a specification.

The object of my invention is to produce a simple, convenient, and practicable transmitting device, which shall produce sudden alter nating currents of considerable energy, sufficient to actuate a distant bell, annuneiator, or other apparatus. The power that may with case be exerted by the hand is, if properly utilized, ample to produce currents of suffieient power to perform such work as ringing bells, railway or telephone signaling, and the like. In my apparatus I store up the power exerted by the hand in a spring, to the free end of which a coil or helix of wire is attached. As the spring vibrates the coil is moved rapidly past the pole or poles of a fixed permanent or electro magnet, first crossing the magnetic field in one direction and then in the other alternately, whereby alternating currents are induced in the coil with relatively long intervening pauses, during which no current is generated.

Figure l of the accompanying drawings is a side elevation of my invention, Fig. 2 is a front elevation of the same, and Fig. 3 is a transverse section taken on line 3 3 in Fig. 1. Fig. 4 illustrates a slight modification. Fig. 5 shows the device provided with a commutator, and Fig. 6 is a diagram illustrating the character of electric current produced.

Referring to Figs. 1, 2, and 3, M is a permanent magnet fixed in supports S S, secured to a suitable base, P.

Arranged between the poles of magnet M is a coil or bobbin, I), provided with the usual softiron core, f. This coil is secured to the free end of aleaf-spring, R, the other end of which is rigidly secured between the magnet M and support S. Thus the coil is supported on the end of spring R in such manner as to permit it to vibrate between the legs of the magnet M and past its poles, coming close to the latter without touching them. That the coil maybe vibrated conveniently, I provide it with a suitable handle or knob, C. If the coil be drawn to one side until the spring R is flexed and under considerable tension, and then be released, the spring will cause the coil to vibrate past the poles of the magnet, and alternating currents will be induced in the coil, which may be carried through any closed exterior circuit. The two wires from the coil 7) are connected to two fine spiral wires, 0'1, and these in turn connect through intermediate wires, g g, with the binding-posts D D, to which are connected the line-wires of the exterior circuit, through which the alternating currents from my transmitter are to be sent.

A transmitting device of similar construc tionto the one which I have thus described has been heretofore used for harmonic transmission, the eoil executing a short and rapid vibration toward and from a magnetic pole, or from one pole toward another and back, and causing a corresponding vibration in a reeeiv ing-instrument in unison with it. Independ ently of the difference in the purpose and applicability of that device as compared with mine, that'being designed for harmonic transmission, while mine is unsuited for that use, there exists also a radical practical difference between the two instruments, and a corresponding differencein the character of the cur rents generated by each, even when the two are reduced in all non-essential respects to equal terms. This difference is sought to be illustrated by the diagram Fig. 6, which shows the current produced by both transmitters when both are proportioned alike. The diagram is to be read from left to right, and indicates one vibration of the coil from left to right and back again. the pendulousorder, it is easy to calculate the speed of the coil at all points of the vibration. This is denoted by the curved line in the upper diagram, the distance of which from the straight horizontal line shows the speed of the coil at any point. Thus it is obvious that the coil, having at first no movement, commences to move slowly. Its speed is accelerated until it reaches mid-stroke, when it is at its maximum speed, and diminishes thence until it reaches the end of its semi-vibration, when for an instant it has no movement, as it stops preparatory to swinging back to its startingpoint. Thelower portion of the diagram illustrates the electrical waves produced by the two instruments, those generated by the old As this vibration is of ICO form of transmitter, which I disclaim, denoted by the gray tint, and those generated by my instrument being drawn in solid black.

In the old form of transmitter, where the coil vibrates from one magnetic pole to another of opposite polarity and back to the first, the axis of the core of the coil is nearest to the axis of the magnetic poles when the coil is at either end of its vibration, and has no movement. Beginning, then, with the axis of the core in proximity to the axis of one of the magnetic poles, and with the coil at the extreme left of its vibration, as the coil moves toward the right and away from the magnetic pole a current is induced in it which increases directly as the speed of the coil increases, but which decreases in the ratio of the square of the distance from the coil to the magnetic pole. At the commencement of the vibration there is no movement, and consequently no current. As the coil begins to move, at though it is close to the pole and in the strongest part of the magnetic field, the current is feeble, because the movement of the coil is still slow; but as the coil moves faster the current increases until it attains its maximum at m. The coil is then moving at greater speed, but is continually moving farther away from the magnet, so that the magnetic attraction is decreasing in greater ratio than the speed of the coil is increasing, and hence the induced current subsides, as denoted by the curve at 11. By the time the coil has completed about the first quarter of its travel the current has become infinitesimal, and during the middle portion of the vibration, while the speed of the coil is at its maximum, it generates no appreciable current. On approaching the other-magnetic pole a contrary current is induced, which is precisely the reverse of the one just described, and on the return movement these two currents are repeated inversely.

\Vith my new transmitter the magnetic poles are not placed at the extremities of the vibra tion of the coil, but in the center, and the coil is in the magnetic field at the instant when its speed is greatest, instead of when it is least. The result is that the currents induced in the coil are shorter and of far greater intensity than in the old form of transmitter, as will be seen at aglance by comparing the black curves in the diagram with the gray ones. This result I accomplish by so disposing the elements of my transmitter that the coil is subjected to the maximum of magnetic attraction while it is moving at maximum speed, thus not only generating a quick electrical impulse of great energy, but also reversing the polarity of the current with intense suddenncss and while it is at its maximum. Then the coil is at the end of its vibration, there is no. movement and no current. As it approaches the magnet and acquires greater speed, there'is still no appreeiable current until it reaches almost its max imum speed, and when close to the center of vibration it enters the sensible magnetic field.

being I and an intense current is quickly generated.

Vhen the coil reaches the middle of its vibration, it is then nearest to the magnet, and as it recedes therefrom a contrary current is generated, the transition from one to the other being effected instantly. This current ceases as the first begins, and there is no further appreciable current until the coil on its return movement approaches again within the sensible magnetic field.

llIy transmitter has the advantage over the old form that it produces with the same expenditure of manual energy currents of much greater intensity, and better suited for transmission to a distance, and the ringing of bells and the like. Thus it is practicable to ring a bell over a long circuit of considerable resistance by a magnet placed in the circuit and operating the bell-hammer directly, the bell being struck at each pulsation.

In case it is desired to transpose the currents generated on each return movement of the coil, thereby securing two successive positive impulses, followed bytwo successive nega tive impulses, a commutator must be eniployed to reverse the polarity of the connections between the coil and the binding-posts at each reversal in the direction of movement of the coil. Such a commutator is shown in Fig. 5, and is constructed as follows: On the spring It, which bears the coil, is mounted a tubular vessel, T, made from some non-conducting material, and divided into two chambers by a partition. The wires enter these chambers, as shown, and in each chamber T is placed a quantity of mercury. The vibration of the spring throws the mercury first in one direction and then in the other, and serves to connect with the coil first the wires entering at one end of the chambers, and then those entering at the other end, as will be readily understood.

In lieu of mercury I may employ other conducting-bodies, either arranged to slide freely or suspended by springs for changing the con nection at each vibration.

I do not limit myself to the precise form of apparatus above described, as this may be departed from to some extentwithout materially affecting my invcntionas, for example, I may employ an electro-magnet instead of a permanent magnet, or I may mount the magnet on the spring in lieu of the coil. I may also, in some cases, employ a spiral spring or springs to impart the vibratory movement to the coil.

In place of presenting the poles of the coil to the poles of the magnet, as in Figs. 1, 2,. and 3, I may arrange the coil as in Fig. 4. In this case, however, the two poles of the magnet presented to the coil should be of the same polarity.

I claim as my inventionl. Atransmitting device for generatingalternating electriccurrents, consisting, essentially, of a magnetic pole or poles, and a relatively vibratory coil or helix adapted to move back and forth through and beyond the magnetic field, when said pole or poles is or are arranged midway of the normal limit of Vibration of said coil, whereby when the latter is at mid-vibration and at maximum velocity it shall be in closest proximity to said pole or poles, and when at either extremity of its vibration it shall be most remote therefrom, all combined and operating substan tially as and to the effect set forth.

2. The combination of a spring-mounted coil or helix adapted to vibrate back and forth through and beyond the magnetic field of a fixed magnet, with said magnet arranged with its pole or poles midway of the normal stantially as and for the purposes set forth.

In witness whereof I hare hereunto signed my name in the presence of two subscribing witnesses.

BRUNO .iliDi-LYK-i-WAKAXOWICZ.

\Vitn esses:

R0121. ill. Hoornn, ARMAND BITTER. 

